Accounting Financial Analysis Report Business strategy

Question: Talk about the Essay for Accounting Financial Analysis Report for Business system. Answer: Presentation:- The job of bookkeepers has changed significantly in the cutting edge business situation. In prior days, bookkeepers were treated as unimportant scorekeepers. These days, with the advancement in bookkeeping frameworks and presentation of new parts of bookkeeping, bookkeepers are currently considered as the wellspring of significant administrative data. Like the advertising and creation offices, accounts offices are additionally taking dynamic support in the development of the organizations. Such unrest in the job of bookkeepers has gotten conceivable because of developing significance of different money related data. Presently the accomplishment of the business firms relies upon its income winning exercises as well as on its market development, stock costs and other non-advertising exercises. In addition, the business firms additionally use to depend incredibly on different interior outside money related information to gauge its development over the periods, its market position and furthermore the market position of its rivals. All these data and investigation have helped the bookkeepers to changed into one of the significant work force inside a business association. Job of Accountants in Enhancing Profitability:- As examined above, with the headways of the bookkeeping techniques, bookkeepers are taking dynamic jobs in improving the productivity of the business firms. Aside from the customary accounting exercises, bookkeepers are additionally attempted different other money related exercises as the aspect of their responsibilities. The significant part of the all out use of any business substance is utilized to be taken care of by the working expense. Thusly, bookkeepers use to concentrate on the working exercises to control the working expenses and expanding the overall revenue of the substance (Ward 2012). Bookkeepers use to evaluate different inner outer hazard elements of the association. Through the hazard appraisal process, they can give a consistent and secure income structure and decrease the degree of different unpredicted and unpredicted misfortunes (Biddle et al. 2015). By breaking down different money related and non-monetary informations, bookkeepers can direct the administration for building up a reasonable authoritative structure, which can perform all the more viably and lessen the different irregular expenses (Ah Lay and Jusoh 2014). Bookkeepers likewise help the showcasing group to grow better client relationship the board. Bookkeepers use to contemplate the past records and current market situation cautiously for giving direction about how the promoting can fulfill the clients all the more successfully (Laine et al. 2016). The partners have become especially significant these days for a business association. The business firms consistently focus to fulfill their partners by its budgetary and non-money related exhibitions (Kim et al. 2013). Bookkeepers assume significant job in satisfying the necessities of the partners. They use to concentrate on the fundamental needs of various partners and help the association to satisfy those necessities by giving reasonable procedures and rules (Elbashir et al. 2013). In these habits, the bookkeepers have changed their jobs and redesigned themselves as one of the key variables of the business association for improving the benefit. In addition, the new bookkeeping methods are likewise used to evaluate the gainfulness of the market ventures. Accordingly, numerous bookkeepers have begun to go about as monetary guides, who use to give exhorts on legitimate venture plans to the individual speculators, just as, the corporate houses (Biddle et al. 2013). Acts of neglect for Enhancing Profitability:- It has been seen that numerous associations use to use the bookkeepers for upgrading the productivity by any mean. The association, yet numerous bookkeepers additionally use to focus more on the productivity factor. Because of such over focus on benefit, numerous bookkeepers are following unscrupulous approaches to build the net revenues of the organization (Gilley et al. 2014). By and large, the workers of the associations use to be more worry about the net money installments in contrast with the drawn out advantages, gave by the business. Numerous bookkeepers use to underwrite this circumstance and grow such installment structure for the representatives, which will lessen the drawn out advantages. By this procedure, the general expense for workers uses to get diminished and the organization expands its benefit. It is an exceptionally regular practice among the bookkeepers to control the budget reports for lessening the duty sums. Bookkeepers use to set up the budget summaries in such a way, that the overall gain according to the books would be lower than the real net gain, earned by the organization. In this way, they help the organization to pay lesser expense add up to the administration (Imoniana and Silva 2013). At some point, numerous business firms use to take gigantic credits from different monetary foundations and the proprietors use to use those assets for their self-improvement. To keep away from the installment of the loan bosses, the bookkeepers of such firms use to control the monetary information so that the organizations use to be proclaimed as bankrupt by the concerned position and the proprietors would not need to pay any add up to the lenders out of their own store. In present day days, the vast majority of the organizations proceed with its tasks by either value financing or by obligation financing. To pull in the expected financers or speculators, it is extremely important to keep up a legitimate budgetary development, particularly for value financing. Bookkeepers use to make this assignment simpler by displaying exaggerated resources and benefits in the fiscal summaries (Ghose 2015). The bookkeepers of numerous organization use to grow such complex advertising plans, which is by all accounts increasingly beneficial for clients, however as a general rule, clients don't get any additional bit of leeway from such plans. Along these lines, they help the organizations to build the business volume by giving bogus duties to the purchasers (Devi 2015). The bookkeepers use to get the extent of such misbehaviors because of different reasons. Distinctive bookkeeping standard sheets use to give diverse bookkeeping treatment to same bookkeeping exchanges. Additionally, there is a tremendous distinction in the total compensation evaluation procedure for tax assessment reason and for general announcing reason. The bookkeeping sheets don't give any free direction to some from the bookkeeping techniques, for example, reasonable worth bookkeeping, CSR bookkeeping and so on. Much of the time, the partners, for example, representatives, financial specialists and so on., don't use to be completely mindful and adequately learned about the bookkeeping and assessment strategies. The bookkeepers underwrite these downsides of the bookkeeping framework to expand the benefit for the organization (Imoniana et al. 2013). End:- The bookkeepers are utilized for keep up the monetary records of the association. In the cutting edge situation, the bookkeepers are required to give more advantages to the organization. They are required to expand the overall revenues by the different bookkeeping procedures and money related arranging. Henceforth, the bookkeepers utilize different propelled bookkeeping techniques, for example, the executives bookkeeping, client bookkeeping and so on for offering better assistance to its representatives. Alongside the monetary arranging, they are using their expert information to help the association for different other arranging identified with the non-money related exercises moreover. By various market investigation strategies, they can estimate the future results of the organization, just as the results of its rivals. They can assist the association with reducing its expenses and uses by appropriate cost arranging and planning. Through these procedures, the organization can likewise appreciate different tax reductions. Along these lines, the bookkeepers, these days, assume a significant job in the benefit expansion for the organization. The new job of the bookkeepers has made the additional weight on them to expand the benefit for the organization and its proprietors. They are compelled to embrace untrustworthy methodology to make the organization progressively productive. At times they control the budgetary records for diminishing the duty costs or pull in more partners. At times, they execute unscrupulous arranging, which use to deny the purchasers, workers or the financial specialists. Along these lines, it tends to be expressed that the job of bookkeepers for improving the benefit has caused just positive effect on the general public. It has joined many negative characteristics too. However, it ought to be noticed that more often than not, the bookkeepers use to use their insight for such untrustworthy causes according to the guidance of the organization the executives. Henceforth, the bookkeepers can't be accused exclusively for such abuse of expert information. Reference List:- Ok Lay, T. what's more, Jusoh, R., 2014. Business system, power of rivalry, key job of bookkeepers, vital administration bookkeeping and firm execution. Biddle, G.C., Kim, J.B., Ma, M.L. also, Song, F.M., 2015. Bookkeeping conservatism and insolvency risk.Available at SSRN 1621272 Biddle, G.C., Ma, M.L. also, Song, F.M., 2013. The hazard the executives job of bookkeeping conservatism for working money flows.Available at SSRN 1695629 Devi, R.U., 2015. Imaginative bookkeeping rehearses Its Pros Cons: An analysis.International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering,5(1), pp.40-52 Elbashir, M.Z., Collier, P.A., Sutton, S.G., Davern, M.J. also, Leech, S.A., 2013. Upgrading the business estimation of business insight: The job of shared information and assimilation.Journal of Information Systems,27(2), pp.87-105 Ghose, K.S., 2015. Morals in Managerial Accounting: Today's Challenges in USA.GSTF Journal of Law and Social Sciences (JLSS),4(2), p.85. Gilley, A., Gilley, J.W., Ambort-Clark, K.A. also, Marion, D., 2014. Proof of administrative misbehavior: An experimental study.Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship,19(4), p.24 Imoniana, J.O. also, Silva, R.M., 2013. Returning to the ideas of

Merck case report Essay Example

Merck case report Essay Ignoring Mr.. Mercers theory, the program proposes to not Invest In tranquilize rights because of a general loss of $260,000. Stage One: The KILL-798 item has been under trying stages for a half year. In view of Kappa Labs venture group explore there Is a 60% possibility of Phase One effective culmination. If Merck somehow happened to purchase the item rights, the expense Incurred to finish this would be $5 million. The product states there Is an opportunity of Phase One falling flat bringing about lost $35 million. On the off chance that the first round demonstrates fruitful, at that point Merck faces the choice of advancing to Phase Two. Stage Two: If Merck chooses to progress into Phase Two there presents a large number of chances. The main choice includes treating only weight at 10% probability. A 10% possibility additionally exists of the medication treating just elevated cholesterol. There additionally is a chance of the medication adequately tending to the two conditions at 30%. The possibility of the medication not treating any of the ailments is half. The expense of finishing Phase Two is $40 million. For each condition that is tended to, the choice remains whether to search out FDA endorsement. The program recommends if Phase Two is fruitful, the numerous has two possible choices, to create a medication for Just corpulence or achieve a medication that battles both weight and cholesterol. The more functional choice for the organization is to create a medication that tends to just corpulence since there is a higher in general benefit when contrasted with delivering a medication that objectives the two diseases. The medication that objectives just corpulence has a general advantage of $197. Million, while the medication that objectives the two has a general advantage of $160. 5 million. FDA Approval: The choice tree encourages Merck to search out FDA assent. For the item that treats just corpulence, there is a 75% possibility of getting FDA acknowledgment. This would cost Merck $50 million to proceed with this procedure. Subsequent to looking for endorsement, the organization Is con fronted with the choice whether to advertise the medication. On the off chance that the medication Is endorsed and showcased, an addition of $430 million will be accomplished. We will compose a custom paper test on Merck case report explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Merck case report explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Merck case report explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The following alternative Is to choose If we should proceed to FDA endorsement for the medication that treats just cholesterol. Choice Tree Analysis encourages Merck to not proceed with this procedure despite the fact that a 75% possibility exists of accomplishing endorsement. The expense of looking for acknowledgment Is $50 million. The third alternative Is to choose looking for FDA acknowledgment for a medication that treats tooth diseases. Agreeing too itemized investigation, delivering this medication Is likewise a feasible alternative, in spite of the fact that the advantage would be not exactly creating for just weight. Affectability Analysis: The main examination led was on accomplishing achievement in Phase I Nils apneas Is incredibly touchy up until purportedly up until tens rate, the normal worth is negative. Any likelihood more noteworthy than 60% outcomes in a positive anticipated worth. On the off chance that the likelihood increments by 1%, the program choice will change to propose the organization to push ahead (if it's not too much trouble allude to Decision Tree 2). For the second affectability investigation, we set the alternative with the most elevated chance as the steady, which is the choice to create neither medication. This alternative additionally ends up being extremely touchy at the half likelihood mark. In the event that the rate were to be more noteworthy than half, at that point it would not be ideal to push ahead. The last investigation included the likelihood of the two medications getting FDA endorsement. Like the past two investigation, a worth higher than 60% will bring about a normal worth that is certain. This outcomes in the medications getting acknowledgment. Agreement: According to Decision Tree footwear, the ideal suggestion is to not buy tranquilize rights. This outcomes in neither benefits or misfortunes, and the ideal circumstance for the Merck association. On the off chance that the firm were to initially employ a counseling firm to explore the likelihood of accomplishment in stage one and the experts demonstrate that achievement is suitable, the estimation of giving this data brings about a general advantage of $57. 9 million. This gives a $55. 3 million distinction from not employing an advisor of $2. 635. In this manner, Merck could secure a specialist up until the expense of this distinction (if you don't mind allude to Decision Tree 3).

How to Apply BCG Matrix to Your Company

How to Apply BCG Matrix to Your Company © Shutterstock.com | stockphotoatinatIn this article, we will look at 1) what is the BCG Matrix, 2) understanding the BCG Matrix, 3) how to apply BCG Matrix to your company, and 4) some  examples.WHAT IS THE BCG MATRIX?The BCG matrix was created by Bruce D. Henderson for the Boston Consulting Group in 1970. This chart was created with the purpose of helping companies analyze their different business units or product lines. The analysis helps these companies to allocate resources where they are most appropriate as well as to use the results in brand marketing, product management, strategic management, and portfolio analyses.The chart is a graphical planning tool, where the company’s products and services can be plotted to help make key business decisions. These decisions include whether to keep a particular business unit, sell it or to invest more in it. The y-axis of the graph represents rate of market growth while the x-axis represents market share.The matrix helps add input to t he decision making process but does not take into account all possible factors that a company may face. The tool is not predictive and also doesn’t take into account any new or disruptive products that may enter and change the market, nor does it account for shifts in consumer demand.UNDERSTANDING THE MATRIXThe chart or graph is divided into four categories. These are the cows, the dogs, the stars and the unknowns. A product line of a business unit is plotted based on its relative market share and rate of growth in the market and falls within one of these categories.1) The Cash CowsThe product lines that fall within this category enjoy a large share of the market in a slow-growing industry. This means that they are able to generate revenues in greater amounts than the investment required to maintain their business. The product line may be considered boring and settled in a mature market, with the company holding it to continue to generate revenues. The company will attempt to milk these as much as possible with as little investment as possible.2) The DogsThe dogs are those product lines or business units that have a smaller market share in a mature and slow-growing industry. Usually, these product lines manage to earn what is put into them, breaking-even and maintaining the market share. Generally this unit is largely worthless to the company in terms of earning potential but may afford other benefits to the company such as the creation of jobs as well as synergies that assist other business units. These benefits may be enough for the company to keep this business unit active despite its less than exciting position. However, dogs can negatively affect how investors judge the management of a company and it is suggested that these product lines be sold off.3) The StarsAs the name makes clear, stars are those business units that have a large market share in a fast-growing industry. These product lines have a clearly visible market or niche leading path and requ ire large amounts of funding to ensure that they can fight of competitors and maintain their growth rate. Companies aim to turn stars into their next cash cows with the inevitable decline in the growth of the industry. This can happen potentially if they are able to maintain their position as a market leader. If this does not happen, then stars can turn into dogs.4) The UnknownsThe unknowns (also called question marks or problem children) are those business units that have a smaller market share in a high-growth market. This is where most businesses will start from and at this point the business unit has the potential to grow market share and turn into a star or lose further marker share and turn into dogs when the growth of the market itself declines. Careful study and analysis is required for business units in this category to assess their potential and worth. If any potential is seen then further investment can be made into them.The natural cycle for most products in that they be gin their life as question marks and turn into stars as their position clarifies. When the market growth slows down, they turn into cash cows and at the end of the cycle, the cash cow turns into a dog. According to the Boston Consulting Group, a diversified company with a balanced portfolio is in the ideal position to use its strengths to capitalize on its growth opportunities and potential. A balanced portfolio is one which has:Stars to assure future successCash cows to bring in funds for future growth Question marks that can be turned into the next stars with some attention and investmentThe AxesOn either side of the grid is an indicator marked on the axis. The idea that prompted this grid as a while was the need to manage cash flows. The model assumes that one of the main indicators for cash generation is relative market share and the one for cash usage was the market growth rate.Relative Market Share A higher market share means higher cash return. The reason behind the selectio n of this metric is based on its relationship with the experience curve. The belief is that when the company produces more products, it benefits from higher economies of scale and the experience curve which in turn result in higher profits. The market share is measured relative to its largest competitor. Another reason for the selection is that this indicator carries more information than just cash flows as is the case in profits. It shows the brand’s position in relation to major competitors and a likely indication for the future.Market Growth Rate A higher market growth rate means more earnings and often profits. On the other hand, it also means a higher consumption of cash as investment to stimulate future growth. This investment is made into those products which show a good potential for continued growth and success and are expected to provide a return on investment. This matrix assumes that a higher growth rate is an indicator of accompanying demands for investment. The mark et growth rate provides more information about the brand position than just the cash flow and is a good indicator of the strength of the market and its future potential as well as attractiveness to more competitors.HistoryThe BCG Matrix is named after the Boston Consulting Group, a global management consulting firm. The company has 81 offices in 45 countries and is one of the Big Three management consulting firms. The company was founded by Bruce D Henderson, an alumnus of Vanderbilt University and Harvard Business School. He was recruited by McKinsey and it is here that he founded the Boston Consulting Group. Henderson developed the famous BCG matrix in 1968. According to the BCG, Henderson told clients the following:“The payoff for leadership [in market share] is very high indeed, if it is achieved early and maintained until growth slows. Investment in market share during the growth phase can be very attractive, if you have the cash. Growth in market is compounded by growth in s hare. Increases in share increase the profit margin. The return in investment is enormous. “LimitationsThere are some limitations to the use of this popular matrix as well. These limitations mean a decline in the once extensive use of this tool. These include:Market growth is one of many factors that determine industry attractiveness and relative market share is only one of many factors that determine competitive advantage. This matrix does not take into account any other factors that may have a bearing on both industry attractiveness and competitive advantage.There is an underlying assumption that the business units are operating in isolation in relation to each other. In reality, a dog may be helping another unit gain a competitive advantage for example.The definition of a market is taken in the broad sense. This fails to take into account different situations such as a business unit that is dominating a niche but is overall less dominant in the larger industry. The way a market is defined in such an instance may change its definition from a dog to a cash cow.HOW TO APPLY BCG MATRIX TO YOUR BUSINESSTo be successful, a company should have a portfolio of products with different growth rates and different market shares. The portfolio composition is a function of the balance between cash flows. High growth products require cash inputs to grow. Low growth products should generate excess cash. Both kinds are needed simultaneously. Bruce HendersonPractical Use TipsThe BCG matrix can be useful to companies if applied using the following general steps.Step 1 â€" Choose the Unit.  Strategic Business Units, individual brands, product lines or the firm as a whole are all areas that can be analyzed using the BCG matrix. The chosen unit drives the entire analysis and key definitions. The market, industry, competitors and position will all be based on the chosen unit.Step 2 â€" Define the Market.  Following the choice of the unit or area to be analyzed, the most importa nt stage for the rest of the matrix is the definition of the market. An incorrectly defined market will lead to an incorrect classification of the unit. A Mercedes-Benz analyzed in a passenger vehicle market will be a dog with a small market share. However, analyzed within a luxury car market, it will be a cash cow.Step 3 â€" Calculate Relative Market Share.  At this stage, the relative market share for the chosen unit needs to be calculated. This can be done in terms or revenues or marker share. The formula used here us a division of the selected brand’s market share or revenues by the market share or revenues of the biggest competitor in the industry. The result in plotted on the x-axis.Step 4 â€" Calculate Market Growth Rate.  Online industry reports can be used to find the rate of growth for the industry. If this is not possible, then it can be estimated by looking at the average revenue growth of the leading firms in the industry. This measurement is a percentage and is plott ed on the y-axis.Step 5 â€" Draw Circles on the Matrix.  Once all the measures are calculated, they can be put onto the matrix. This can be done by drawing a circle for each brand within a unit, or all the brands in a company. The size of each circle should correspond to business revenue generated by the brand.EXAMPLESNestleAccording to an analysis posted here, the BCG matrix analysis for Nestle reveals some interesting perspectives. A global multinational in the food and beverage industry, the Swiss company is the 69th highest revenue producer in the world. Over 8000 brands fall within its umbrella and are as widespread as bottled water and pet food. The company announced plans to sell off under-performing brands which were consistently showing poor sales. This analysis used the 2002 annual report for its figures which can be found here.Question Marks Here, the question marks have a low market share within a high growth market. The product mentioned here requires an influx of inve stment to capitalize on potential segments. This investment is however, not likely to yield too much return investment.Stars These brands have a high share in a high growth market. Nestle’s varied mineral water is in this quadrant. The brands in this are require investment to maintain their position and differentiation in both mature and emerging markets.Dogs The Nestle products in this category have a lower market share in a low growth market. An example of this is a lean cuisine unit and weight loss management brands which did not take off outside the US. A sports performance and nutrition brand called PowerBar is also confirmed to be divested by the company most likely due to poor sales in a saturated market. These products generate enough revenue to sustain themselves but are not exciting not major sources of revenues.Cash Cows These brands are important because of their cash generating potential. This means that they have a higher market share in a slow-growth industry. Ve ry little investment is needed by these brands and funds generated from them are used to fuel Stars or Question Marks.

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Symbolization of Chillingworth as the Devil in Hawthornes...

Nathaniel Hawthorne crammed The Scarlet Letter with religious symbolism. One of the most interesting symbols is that of Chillingworth as the devil. All through the novel there are numerous indications and relations that verify the fact that Chillingworth is a delegate for the king of darkness. One of the various ways Chillingworth serves as the devil’s advocate is by being the antithesis of Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, the palpable Jesus figure of the narrative. Chillingworth keenly sets out to devastate Dimmesdale, as Hawthorne informs us when referring to Chillingworths unearthing of Dimmesdales secret, â€Å"All that guilty sorrow, hidden from the world, whose great heart would have pitied and forgiven, to be revealed to him, the†¦show more content†¦He describes Chillingworth as malformed and stooped. He compares Chillingworth to weeds and portrays his business as resembling witchcraft. Chillingworth’s shady and sinister characteristics all portray him as the monarch of hell. Nathaniel Hawthorne crammed The Scarlet Letter with religious symbolism. One of the most interesting symbols is that of Chillingworth as the devil. All through the novel there are numerous indications and relations that verify the fact that Chillingworth is a delegate for the king of darkness. One of the various ways Chillingworth serves as the devil’s advocate is by being the antithesis of Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, the palpable Jesus figure of the narrative. Chillingworth keenly sets out to devastate Dimmesdale, as Hawthorne informs us when referring to Chillingworths unearthing of Dimmesdales secret, â€Å"All that guilty sorrow, hidden from the world, whose great heart would have pitied and forgiven, to be revealed to him, the Pitiless, to him, the Unforgiving!† The capitalization of the words Pitiless and Unforgiving confirm that Chillingworth is Satan in human form. Symbolically, on an additional, more perceptible note, Chillingworth steals one of Dimmesdales gloves and drops it on the scaffold in the middle of the town. The sexton returns it to Dimmesdale saying, Satan dropped it there,† evidently pointing to the fact

The Place of Mental Preparation of Athletes Free Essays

The sports community now recognizes that mental factors such as confidence, composure, focus, and motivation are highly significant to athletic performance. As a result, over the year’s performance enhancement has become an emerging career track within the field sport psychology. Sport psychology (or sports psychology) is the study of the psychological factors that affect participation and performance in sports. We will write a custom essay sample on The Place of Mental Preparation of Athletes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sport psychology professionals who focus on performance enhancement aim to increase athletic performance by minimizing the psychological effects of poor performance and instilling the mental skill needed to attain peak performance. In order for the field of sport psychology to advance professionals must educate the sports community on the value and benefits of mental training. Psychology principles such as positive thinking, imagery, and goal setting can be applied in sports to help athletes perform and prepare for competition. At the elite levels all athletes have the talent and the physical tools to compete. In an interview hall of quarterback and sports analysis, Troy Aikman stated, â€Å"When you get to the elite level in sports, athletically, what separates the really great performers are the ones who are mentally tough and see things a little bit quicker than their competitors. † These athletes have the ability to move on after mistakes, maintain confidence and composure in the face of adversity, and focus on what is need to execute each task successfully. The best practice to enhance athletic performance in the field sport psychology is through mental training. Mental training is the segment of sports psychology that concentrates specifically on helping athletes break through the mental barriers that are keeping them from performing up to their peak potential. Many athletes and coaches resist mental training because they do not understand how it can help them. In order for athletes to get the most out of their sport, it is critical for them to understand the value of improving their mental game. Athletes are more likely to embrace mental training when they understand it and its benefits. However, the best way for athletes to embrace into mental training is when they actually experience its power firsthand. Mental training is about improving one’s attitude and mental skills to help them perform their best by identifying limiting beliefs and embracing a healthier philosophy about their sport. Mental skills, just like physical skills, take repetition, practice, and game-time application to develop. Helping athletes and coaches understanding the mental barriers that limit performance and the benefits of sports psychology intervention is a critical step in the mental training process. Mental barriers include high expectations, perfectionism, fear of failure, lack of emotional control and attentional focus. Athletes can overcome these barriers through sport psychology intervention that aim to enhance confidence, focus, composure, trust and mental preparation. Most athletes are highly committed to excellence and seeing how far they can go in sports. They love competition and testing themselves against the best in their sport. They understand the importance of a positive attitude and mental toughness. These athletes want every possible advantage they can get including the mental edge over the competition. Sports Psychology is about improving your attitude and mental toughness to help you perform your best by identifying limiting beliefs and embracing a healthier philosophy about your sport. Mental training is used by elite athletes to help improve focus, confidence and deal with distractions. Many athletes have the ability to concentrate, but often their focus is displaced on the wrong areas such as when a batter thinks â€Å"I need to get a hit† while in the batter’s box, which is a result-oriented focus. Sport Psychology Today is a sports mental training resource for athletes, sports parents, coaches, sport psychology scholars, and professionals provided by Mental Edge Athletics. Please sign up for our Discussion Forum   to share your experiences, ask questions, and gain access to advice from our readers and team of experts around the world. Topic and information requests can be sent by using our Contact Page. Sport Psychology and Mental Training Products are Coming Soon, so   stay tuned to Sports Psychology Today for more information. In the meantime, please search for your topics of interest on Sports Psychology Today and continue to improve your sports performance, mental toughness, and mental game. Also please share our website with your friends and family and   â€Å"Like† us on facebook   (facebook. com/mentaledgeathletics or search Sport Psychology Today) to gain access to discounts and special offers. Mental training is important for athletes, whether striving to do their personal best or competing against others. Mental imagery, what Bruce D. Hale of Penn State calls   â€Å"No Sweat Practice,† is very effective. The mind cannot tell the difference between what is real and what is imagined. Practice is practice, regardless of whether it is mental or physical. Ask the athlete to sit in a relaxed position in a quiet place with few distractions. Tell the athlete to close their eyes and picture performing a particular skill. Each is seeing him/herself on a large movie screen on a football pitch. Walk them through the skill step by step. Use as much detail as possible, using words to elicit all the senses  Ã¢â‚¬â€ sight, hearing, touch and smell-soft foot, cushion, deep it close, toe down, light touches. Ask the athlete to repeat the image. Picture rehearsing the skill successfully, even to the point of seeing the ball going in the goal. Some athletes need help to start the process. Others will learn to practice this way on their own. The link between performing the skills in the mind and performing the skills on the football pitch may be hard to explain. However, the athletes who repeatedly imagine themselves correctly completing a skill and believing it to be true are more likely to make it happen. Whatever goes into one’s mind and one’s heart comes out in their actions. â€Å"If you really want to do something, you’ll find a way; if you don’t, you’ll find an excuse. † –Author Unknown â€Å"Desire is the starting point of all achievement, not a hope, not a wish, but a keen pulsating desire which transcends everything. † –Napoleon Hill â€Å"There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning from failure. † –Colin Powell Effort only fully releases its reward after a person refuses to quit. † –Napoleon Hill â€Å"Winners are those people who make a habit of doing the things losers are uncomfortable doing. † –Ed Foreman â€Å"Every person who wins in any undertaking must be willing to cut all s ources of retreat. Only by doing so can one be sure of maintaining that state of mind known as a burning desire to win–essential to success. † –Napoleon Hill â€Å"Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results. † –Albert Einstein â€Å"If you cannot do great things, do small things in a great way. –Napoleon Hill â€Å"Only a strong tree can stand alone. † –Arnold Glasow â€Å"Great achievement is usually born of great sacrifice, and is never the result of selfishness. † –Napoleon Hill â€Å"The state of your life is nothing more than a reflection of your state of mind. † –Napoleon Hill â€Å"The state of your life is nothing more than a reflection of your state of mind. † –Dr. Wayne W. Dyer â€Å"It’s a sure thing that you’ll not finish if you don’t start. † –Napoleon Hill â€Å"The individual with a negative men tal attitude attracts troubles as a magnet attracts steel fittings. –Napoleon Hill â€Å"Our attitude is the primary force that will determine whether we succeed or fail. † –Dr. John C. Maxwell â€Å"The key to having a good attitude is the willingness to change. We are either the masters or the victims of our attitudes. It is a matter of personal choice. Who we are today is the result of choices we made yesterday. Tomorrow we will become what we choose today. To change means to choose to change. † –Dr. John C. Maxwell â€Å"The ladder of success is never crowded at the top. † –Napoleon Hill Photo Credit the athlete image by csaba fikker from Fotolia. om Physical training is only one facet of the training that successful athletes undergo. While the body is pushed to its limits and trained to perform under pressure for as long as necessary, the mind also must be prepared for competition. The world’s best athletes all have techni ques they use to win and achieve their goals. Function Sound mental training prepares athletes for competition by eliminating the anxiety that often surrounds performance. One of the main functions of mental athletic training is to help athletes concentrate on the moment. Trainers at Mental Goaltending report that athletes must learn to concentrate on the positive and refuse to entertain negative thoughts. Types One type of mental training that many athletes use is called visualization. Athletes are urged to see themselves performing at their peak and crossing the finish line or making a goal or basket. Visualization is designed to infuse the subconscious mind with a reality developed by the athlete so that the conscious mind follows through and makes it happen. Benefits In addition to providing competitive athletes with an edge, mental training can help relieve some of the stress involved in competition. Sports psychologists at Protex Sports report that in addition to the pressure of the competition, athletes face stress and pressure from managers, coaches, teammates and fans. They often face rigorous schedules and family demands that create additional stress that could affect their performance. Mental training is meant to alleviate some of the stress. Features A thorough mental training program features work in a range of areas that affect performance. Athletes look to psychological trainers to help them improve their mental toughness to withstand the demands of the competition as well as help them focus on their priorities. They work to uncover any fears that might be standing in the way of success and find ways to address those fears. Through mental training, athletes can gain confidence and composure. Considerations After an injury, many athletes have a difficult time adjusting to not playing their sport and facing a possible end to their athletic careers. Mental training for athletic success includes considerations for those times. During rehabilitation or preparing to retire, athletes have special needs that can be addressed through specially trained therapists. How to cite The Place of Mental Preparation of Athletes, Essay examples

Democracy In Ancient Greece Essay Example For Students

Democracy In Ancient Greece Essay Democracy in Ancient GreeceEddie WittenThe Greeks were very advanced for their time. They realized that theyneed a new form of government and they were able to invent the first democraticgovernment in the world. The democracy that the Greeks came up with was basedon two important factors. The first one was the population growth in Athensgrew at a very fast rate. The second was the advocating of political, economic,and legal equality for all which some male citizens remembered from the livingconditions in the Dark Ages. The Greek system of Democracy did have its sharesof problems though. The Greek system of democracy was ruled by a body of nine electedofficials whom were called archons. These men who were aristocrats lead thegovernment and had supreme control over all of the verdicts and criminalaccusations in Athens. Problems arose when aristocrats become jealous of oneanother and rivalries ensued under the early stages of Athenian democracy. Theresult of this jealousy was the establishment of a code written by the appointedruler Draco. This code of laws promoted stability and equity. These lawshowever did more to hurt the democracy of Athens than to help it. It seems thatDraco wrote this code of laws in order to benefit himself rather than to benefitthe government of Athens. The democracy of Athens was used in many ways other than for what it wasdesigned for. It was abused by many rulers of that time. They were concernedwith their own personal growth and because of their greed and selfishness, theymade laws and codes that would benefit their own personal gain. The resultsthough have not always been as what they had expected to have been. Many of thelower classes were treated very unfairly and rulers lost popularity to the lowerclasses. Civil war was even about to break out at one point due to Dracoscodes and laws. When civil war almost broke out in Athens the codes and laws were onceagain revamped. This time a pathway was attempted to be laid down that wouldaccommodate both the upper and the lower classes. In the end four classes weredeveloped to rank the male citizens of Athens based on their income. The five-hundred-measure men, horsemen, yoked men, and laborers were the four classesthat were devised by this new system of codes and laws. In the Athenian society both the theories failed the men, and in turnthe men failed the theories. Some of the theories that the rulers came up withneeded a lot of support from the male citizens of Athens. Most of the timethese theories were considered unfair and the male citizens were not cooperativewith these theories. Also theories that were fair to the citizen but notrecognized by them failed. The men failed the theories in this sense, sincethey did not give them a shot and try them out. They would have seen that thesewould have helped them in the long run. Considering the outcome of the Peloponnesian War the Athenians fellvictim to internal restraints. Their own problems within their democraticstructure caused them to lose that war. The codes and laws that they had at thetime wound up doing more damage to them in the long run then it did to help them. That was the major problem with the Athenians view on democracy. Since theydeveloped democracy they were not able to perfect it and watch other societiesfunction under it. If they had a few hundred more years to perfect theirdemocratic society they most likely would have had much more success in thePeloponnesian War and with all of their endeavors.